The Judicial System: A Reference Handbook
byMichael C. LeMay, PhD, is professor emeritus of political science at California State University, San Bernardino.

20220430
ABC-CLIO
Pages | 408 |
Topics | Trials;Supreme Court;Political Partisanship;Juries;Judicial System;Judicial Branch;Judges;Elections;District Courts;Criminal Justice System;Criminal Courts;Civil Law;Civil Courts;American Government;Appeals Courts;Appointment and Election of Judges |
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eBook
9781440874581
MLA
LeMay, Michael. The Judicial System: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO, 2022. ABC-CLIO, publisher.abc-clio.com/9781440874581.
Chicago Manual of Style
LeMay, Michael. The Judicial System: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO, 2022. http://publisher.abc-clio.com/9781440874581
APA
LeMay, M. (2022). The Judicial System: A Reference Handbook. Retrieved from http://publisher.abc-clio.com/9781440874581
- Description
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The Judicial System: A Reference Handbook provides an authoritative and accessible one-stop resource for understanding the U.S. judicial system and its place in the fabric of American government and society.
The American judicial system plays a central role in setting and enforcing the legal rules under which the people of the United States live. U.S. courts and laws, though, are complex and often criticized for bias and other alleged shortcomings, The U.S. Supreme Court has emerged as a particular focal point of political partisanship and controversy, both in terms of the legal decisions it hands down and the makeup of its membership.
Like other books in the Contemporary World Issues series, this volume comprises seven chapters. Chapter 1 presents the origins, development, and current characteristics of the American judicial system. Chapter 2 discusses problems and controversies orbiting around the U.S. justice system today. Chapter 3 features a wide-ranging collection of essays that examine and illuminate various aspects of the judicial system. Chapter 4 profiles influential organizations and people related to the justice system, and Chapter 5 offers relevant data and documents about U.S. courts. Chapter 6 is composed of an annotated list of important resources, while Chapter 7 offers a useful chronology of events.
- Explains the responsibilities and authority of the United States' many different types of courts and how they fit together
- Explores major controversies surrounding the U.S. judicial system, including politicization of the courts and bias in the criminal justice system
- Provides wide-ranging perspectives on the judicial system from reformers, court employees, and scholars
- Provides a comprehensive annotated list of resources for further reading and research
- Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
The Judicial System: A Reference Handbook
Author(s): LeMay, Michael;Contributors: LeMay, Michael;Abstract:The Judicial System: A Reference Handbook provides an authoritative and accessible one-stop resource for understanding the U.S. judicial system and its place in the fabric of American government and society.
The American judicial system plays a central role in setting and enforcing the legal rules under which the people of the United States live. U.S. courts and laws, though, are complex and often criticized for bias and other alleged shortcomings, The U.S. Supreme Court has emerged as a particular focal point of political partisanship and controversy, both in terms of the legal decisions it hands down and the makeup of its membership.
Like other books in the Contemporary World Issues series, this volume comprises seven chapters. Chapter 1 presents the origins, development, and current characteristics of the American judicial system. Chapter 2 discusses problems and controversies orbiting around the U.S. justice system today. Chapter 3 features a wide-ranging collection of essays that examine and illuminate various aspects of the judicial system. Chapter 4 profiles influential organizations and people related to the justice system, and Chapter 5 offers relevant data and documents about U.S. courts. Chapter 6 is composed of an annotated list of important resources, while Chapter 7 offers a useful chronology of events.
- Explains the responsibilities and authority of the United States' many different types of courts and how they fit together
- Explores major controversies surrounding the U.S. judicial system, including politicization of the courts and bias in the criminal justice system
- Provides wide-ranging perspectives on the judicial system from reformers, court employees, and scholars
- Provides a comprehensive annotated list of resources for further reading and research
SortTitle: judicial system: a reference handbookKeyword(s): Trials; Supreme Court; Political Partisanship; Juries; Judicial System; Judicial Branch; Judges; Elections; District Courts; Criminal Justice System; Criminal Courts; Civil Law; Civil Courts; American Government; Appeals Courts; Appointment and Election of JudgesAuthor Info:Michael C. LeMayauthorMichael C. LeMay, PhD, is professor emeritus of political science at California State University, San Bernardino.
eISBN-13: 9781440874581Cover Image URL: ~~FreeAttachments/9781440874581.jpgPrint ISBN-13: 9781440874574Imprint: ABC-CLIOPages: 408Publication Date: 20220430Series: Contemporary World Issues- Cover Cover11
- Title Page v6
- Copyright vi7
- Contents vii8
- Preface xv16
- 1. Background and History 322
- Introduction: An Overview of the Judicial System 322
- Pre-Constitution Judicial System 625
- The Federal Court System Established by the U.S. Constitution 827
- Appellate Jurisdiction Courts of Special Subject Matter 2039
- State and Local Judicial Systems 2342
- Court Systems in Each State 2544
- Bibliography 7190
- 2. Problems, Controversies, and Solutions 83102
- Introduction 83102
- Problem 1: The Bewildering Complexity of the American Judicial System 84103
- Problem 2: Judicial Ethics 90109
- Problem 3: Screening of Federal Judicial Nominees 91110
- Problem 4: Forced Arbitration Agreements 94113
- Problem 5: Gender Bias in the Judicial System 95114
- Problem 6: Increasing Partisanship of the U.S. Courts and Judicial Systems 96115
- Problem 7: Inequity in the Judicial System—Racial and Ethnic 99118
- Problem 8: Lack of Minority Judges on the Bench 102121
- Problem 9: Oversight Relationships 105124
- Problem 10: Public Defender Issues 108127
- Problem 11: Juries in the Judicial System 110129
- Problem 12: Structural Problems 115134
- Problem 13: Unqualified Judges 116135
- Bibliography 119138
- 3. Perspectives 133152
- Introduction 133152
- Remote Control: How Appellate Court Online Hearings Can Help Offset Judiciary Budget Cuts 133152
- “Let ’em Play, Ref”: The Superabundance of Law in the United States 136155
- The Supreme Court, the Incorporation Doctrine, and the States 141160
- There Are Reversals and Then There Are REVERSALS 146165
- The Judicial System from a Clerk’s Perspective 149168
- Congressional Oversight of the Federal Judiciary 152171
- Courts and Administrative Agencies: A Central Feature of Modern Policymaking 156175
- Transgender Rights and the American Judicial System 160179
- 4. Profiles 167186
- Introduction 167186
- Organizations 168187
- Alliance for Justice (AFJ) 168187
- American Association for Justice (AAJ) 168187
- American Bar Association (ABA) 169188
- American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) 170189
- American Constitution Society (ACS) 172191
- American Heritage Society 173192
- American Judicature Society (AJS) 174193
- Brennan Center for Justice 175194
- Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) 176195
- Cato Institute Center for Constitutional Studies (CICCS) 176195
- Center for American Progress (CAP) 177196
- Center for Individual Rights (CIR) 177196
- Center for Justice and Democracy (CJD) 178197
- Center for the Study of Law and Religion (CSLR) 179198
- Economic Policy Institute (EPI) 180199
- Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies 180199
- Federal Judicial Center (FJC) 182201
- Institute for Justice (IJ) 182201
- Law and Economic Center (LEC) 183202
- Legal Information Institute (LII) 184203
- National Constitution Center 184203
- Olin Foundation 185204
- Pew Research Center 186205
- Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) 187206
- The Sentencing Project 188207
- U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) 189208
- U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee 190209
- U.S. Supreme Court (SCOTUS) 191210
- Vera Institute of Justice (VIJ) 192211
- People 193212
- Samuel Chase (1741–1811) 193212
- William O. Douglas (1898–1980) 194213
- William M. Evarts (1818–1901) 196215
- Clarence Earl Gideon (1910–1972) 197216
- Ruth Bader Ginsburg (1933–2020) 198217
- Charles Evans Hughes (1862–1948) 201220
- Edward “Ted” Kennedy (1932–2009) 203222
- Patrick Leahy (1940–) 204223
- John Marshall (1755–1835) 205224
- Thurgood Marshall (1908–1993) 206225
- Ralph Nader (1934–) 208227
- Barack Obama (1961–) 209228
- Sandra Day O’Connor (1930–) 210229
- William Rehnquist (1924–2005) 211230
- John Roberts (1959–) 212231
- Antonin Scalia (1936–2016) 213232
- William Howard Taft (1857–1930) 215234
- Roger Taney (1777–1864–) 216235
- Donald Trump (1946–) 217236
- Earl Warren (1891–1974) 218237
- Bibliography 220239
- 5. Data and Documents 231250
- Introduction 231250
- Data 231250
- Figure 5.1 Map of the Geographic Boundaries for U.S. District Courts and Circuit Courts of Appeals 232251
- Figure 5.2 New York State Judicial System Flowchart 232251
- Figure 5.3 Louisiana Courts Structure 233252
- Figure 5.4 Line Graph of the Combined State and Federal Imprisonment Rates per 100,000 Residents, by Race and Ethnicity, 2008–2018 233252
- Figure 5.5 Lifetime Likelihood of Imprisonment for Persons Born in 2001; White, Black, Latinx; Men and Women 234253
- Table 5.1. Year States Were Admitted to the Union, by Year Admitted 234253
- Table 5.2. Number of States Using Assorted Methods of Judicial Selection 236255
- Table 5.3. Federal Judges Impeached, 1804–2010 237256
- Table 5.4. Federal Judicial Nominees by Rate Not Qualified by ABA, 1989 to 2019 238257
- Table 5.5. Chief Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court 240259
- Table 5.6. Methods of Judicial Selection in State Court Systems 241260
- Documents 242261
- Document 5.1: Article III, the Constitution of the United States 242261
- Document 5.2: Excerpts from the Judiciary Act of 1789 243262
- Document 5.3: Excerpts from Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) 250269
- Document 5.4: Judiciary Act of 1869 252271
- Document 5.5: Excerpts from Miller v. Texas (1894) 253272
- Document 5.6: The Nonpartisan Court Plan (Missouri Plan) 254273
- Document 5.7: Excerpts from the Legal Services Corporation Act of 1974 257276
- Document 5.8: Excerpts from United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez (1990) 260279
- Document 5.9: Excerpts from Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn et al. (2011) 262281
- Document 5.10: Description of the Judicial Conduct and Disability Act of 1980, Amended March 12, 2019 264283
- 6. Resources 267286
- 7. Chronology 309328
- Glossary 323342
- Index 331350